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=Alkanes=
 * **Alkane** || **Formula** || **Boiling point [°C]** || **Melting point [°C]** || **Density [g·cm 3 ] (at 20°C**) ||
 * [|Methane] || CH 4 || -162 || -183 || gas ||
 * [|Ethane] || C 2 H 6 || -89 || -182 || gas ||
 * [|Propane] || C 3 H 8 || -42 || -188 || gas ||
 * [|Butane] || C 4 H 10 || 0 || -138 || gas ||
 * [|Pentane] || C 5 H 12 || 36 || -130 || 0.626(liquid) ||
 * [|Hexane] || C 6 H 14 || 69 || -95 || 0.659(liquid) ||
 * [|Heptane] || C 7 H 16 || 98 || -91 || 0.684(liquid) ||
 * [|Octane] || C 8 H 18 || 126 || -57 || 0.703(liquid) ||

Naming Alkanes 1. Dependent on number of Carbon atoms. 2. Determine parent chain (longest running chain). 3. Determine side chain and end with "-yl". 4. Count which Carbon the side chain is attached to and assign the least number. 5. Separate # and letter using "-" and ",". 6. If there are more than 1 side chain, use prefix. 7. Priority is given to the bulky group. 8. Different side chains should be in alphabetical order.

Alkanes are a homologous series, one among other homologous series of organic compounds, and also the simplest. Their general formula is CnH2n+2, where n is the number of atoms.

Examples: 2,3,4-trimethyhexane There are 6 Carbon atoms on the parent chain (longest running chain). There are methyl side chains on the 2nd, 3rd, and 4th Carbon atom of the parent chain.

2,2-dimethylpentane

Properties

1. Alkanes have low boiling and melting points. Many of the simpler ones, the ones with fewer carbon atoms, exist in the form of gases at room temperature. When there are more carbon atoms, boiling and melting points increase and eventually they exist in the liquid and later on, solid states of matter.

2. Alkanes are generally unreactive. Because of the strength of the carbon-carbon and carbon-hydrogen bonds, they will not react until enough activation energy is provided in order to start a reaction.

3. Alkanes are not polar or have very low polarity and do not dissolve in polar solvents such as water.

4. Alkanes are also colorless substances.

Reactions:

1. Alkanes combust. They undergo either //complete// or //incomplete combustion// depending on the abundance of oxygen in the reaction.

CH 3 -CH 2 -CH 3 + 5 O 2 ——** > ** 3 CO 2 + 4 H 2 O + heat   This is a case of complete combustion. Propane, in the presence of enough oxygen, gives off carbon dioxide, water and most importantly, heat.

CH 3 -CH 2 -CH 3 + 4 O 2 ——** > ** CO 2 + 2 CO + 4 H 2 O + heat When there's not enough oxygen, the byproducts are the same save for the addition of carbon monoxide.

These reactions have been a paramount source of energy for humanity for millennia, but, for alkanes it would be a little over a century's worth of time.

2.